An international coalition led by Oregon State University scientists concludes in its annual report published in BioScience that the Earth’s worsening vital signs indicate a “critical and unpredictable new phase of the climate crisis” and that “decisive action is needed, and fast.”
The collaboration directed by OSU’s William Ripple and former postdoctoral researcher Christopher Wolf outlines areas where policy change is needed—energy, pollutants, nature, food and economy. The report is titled “The 2024 State of the Climate Report: Perilous Times on Planet Earth.”
“A large portion of the very fabric of life on our planet is imperiled,” said Ripple, a distinguished professor in the Oregon State University College of Forestry. “We’re already in the midst of abrupt climate upheaval, which jeopardizes the life on Earth like nothing humans have ever seen. Ecological overshoot, taking more than the Earth can safely give, has pushed the planet into climatic conditions more threatening than anything witnessed even by our prehistoric relatives.”
Of the 35 planetary vital signs the scientists use to track climate change annually, 25 are at record extremes, he notes.
The three hottest days ever came in July 2024, and fossil fuel emissions are at an all-time high, as are the human population and the ruminant livestock population, the climate report shows.
Human population is increasing at the rate of approximately 200,000 people per day, and the number of ruminant livestock—hoofed mammals such as cattle, sheep and goats that produce greenhouse gases and are energy intensive to raise—rises by roughly 170,000 each day.
The annual consumption of fossil fuels climbed by 1.5% in 2023, mainly because of big jumps in coal (1.6%) and oil use (2.5%), the report indicates.
The report shows that annual tree cover loss globally rose from 22.8 million hectares in 2022 to 28.3 million in 2023, and based on global year-to-date averages, the concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane are at all-time highs.
The scientists say their goal is “to provide clear, evidence-based insights that inspire informed and bold responses from citizens to researchers and world leaders.” Specifically, they recommend the rapid adoption of policies that:
- Implement a global carbon price that could limit emissions by the wealthy while potentially providing funding for further climate action.
- Enhance energy efficiency and conservation while replacing fossil fuels with low-carbon renewables.
- Curb emissions of greenhouse gases, including those categorized as short-term pollutants such as methane.
- Protect and restore biodiverse ecosystems, which play key roles in carbon cycling and storage.
- Encourage a shift toward eating habits that emphasize plant-based foods.
- Promote sustainable ecological economics and greatly reduce overconsumption and waste by the wealthy.
- Integrate climate change education into global curriculums to boost awareness, literacy and action.
“Despite six reports from the International Panel on Climate Change, hundreds of other reports, tens of thousands of scientific papers and 28 annual meetings of the UN’s Conference of the Parties, the world has made very little headway on climate change,” Wolf said.
“Humanity’s future depends on creativity, moral fiber and perseverance. If future generations are to inherit the world they deserve, decisive action is needed, and fast.”
This year’s meeting—officially the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change—will be held Nov. 11–22 in Baku, Azerbaijan, and “it’s imperative that huge progress is made,” Ripple said.